61
This is an edition published with a facsimile of the original; I will cite it by folio. I wish to thank Antonio Feros for acquiring a copy; it is as rare as the original publication. Feros points out that Barros's work «illustrates... clearly clients' need for a patron at Court»
(The King's Favorite... 201). Geoffrey Parker was among the first to recognize the importance of Alonso de Barros's game: «As Lord Burleigh said of the Elizabethan court: a man without friends at court is like a workman without tools»
(170). See the recent article by José Martínez Millán, kindly brought to my attention by Richard Kagan. Barros was a contemporary of Cervantes. He was born around 1552 in Segovia, and was named «aposentador de la casa real en 1563, oficio que desempeñó durante los reinados de Felipe II y Felipe III, hasta 1604, fecha en que murió»
(462-3).
62
La lira de las musas (112).
63
Oración gratulatoria al capelo del Illustríssimo y Exclentíssimo Señor Cardenal Duque (1618). (The text is cited by Bernardo García 53). The image or metaphor of the «canal» or «fountain» to represent the «flow» of patronage was trans-European. See Levy Peck (1-2); Tomé Pinheiro da Veiga, a visiting Portuguese official in Valladolid during the sojourn of the Court, commented: «Repártase este caño real [controlled by the Duke of Lerma] en dos brazos, el primero de don Pedro Franqueza [Lerma's trusted friend], [...] el segundo [...] de [...] don Rodrigo Calderón [Lerma's personal secretary]»
(167).
64
Emblemas moralizadas por Hernando de Soto, contador y veedor de la Casa de Castilla de su Magestad (Madrid, 1599). Worthy of further study is the Duke of Lerma's patronage activities in Valencia before returning to the court as the king's privado. Sebastián de Covarrubias refers to that period in his dedication to Lerma of the Emblemas morales (Madrid, 1610): «Estando V. EXC. por Virrey en el Reyno de Vale[n]cia me ma[n]dó le siruiesse con algun poema, que fuesse de entretenimiento y gusto: halleme co[n] solo un quaderno de las niñerias de mi mocedad, y assi procuré ocupar algunas horas ociosas en cosa de mas consideracion: y pareciome serian a proposito unas emblemas morales,...»
65
Antonio Feros, The King's Favorite... (98), points out that Ibáñez was Lerma's secretary in the 1590s, and secretary to the king beginning in 1599.
66
MS. 9/3507, Real Academia Española (750). The document's title is Las causas de que resultó el ignorante govierno, que huvo en el tiempo del Rey N. Sr. que sea en gloria... See also Geoffrey Parker 203.
67
Relación que hizo a la Republica de Venecia Simon Contarini, al fin del año de 1605, de la embajada que había hecho en España, appended to Cabrera's Relaciones sucedidas en la corte... Contarini writes that the young Philip III «ha dado algun indicio de querer la guerra»
(564).
68
See Antonio Feros, «Twin Souls» (31-33).
69
See L. Cervera Vera (76-96).
70
C. Pérez Pastor (III, 500a).