181
Al final, en un Apéndice, insertamos la recensión de la obra que apareció en Mundial en el número 38, correspondiente a junio de 1914, pp. 190-191.
182
Ghiraldo, 74. Como antes dijimos esta carta que Ghiraldo tomó del Archivo de Rubén, se cuenta también entre las desaparecidas.
183
El estreno tuvo lugar la noche del 9 de diciembre de 1913.
184
Mundial Magazine, número 38 (junio, 1914), 126. En adelante incluiré entre paréntesis en el texto las páginas de Mundial cuyo número, mes y año se haya expresado ya.
185
Insertamos el artículo en el Apéndice.
186
Writers describe the attempts of Spaniards to effect a rapprochment with the Sefardim between 1903 and 1936 variously as «campaña pro-sefardita», «actividades pro-sefarditas», and «movimiento pro-sefardita». The latter seems the most appropriate as one looks back from a present-day perspective and it also concurs with the Jewish opinion as expressed in «Spain», Universal Jewish Encyclopedia (New York: U. J. E., 1943), Vol. 9, p. 689.
It is a pleasure to thank Samuel G. Armistead (University of Pennsylvania) for valuable suggestions which have been incorporated into this study.
187
There were, of course, occasional exceptions. For example, Spain did respond positively to inquiries from Sephardic Jews in Russia at the time of the pogroms - and a few were actually helped to resettle in Spain. The Sephardim for their part, reacted with some interest to the liberal revolution («La Gloriosa») of 1868, which brought about greater religious freedom in Spain, for the following year Las Cortes reported, «Es considerable el número de judíos, especialmente de Oriente, que van pidiendo carta de naturaleza de España» (29 August 1869, p. 3, col. 3).
See also Juan Bautista Vilar Ramírez, «La judería de Tetuán (1489-1860) y otros ensayos», Anales de la Ciudad de Murcia, 28, Nos. 3-4 (1969), 380-400, and the review by Samuel G. Armistead and Joseph H. Silverman, Romance Philology, 29 (1975-76), 273-76.
188
See among others, Mair José Benardete, Hispanismo de los sefardíes levantinos, trans. Manuel Aguilar (Madrid: Aguilar, 1969), p. 147; Ángel Pulido Fernández, Españoles sin patria y la raza sefardí (Madrid: Fernando Fe, 1905), pp. 48, 62, 94, 96 and passim; Marius Sala, Estudios sobre el judeoespañol de Bucarest (Mexico City: UNAM, 1970), p. 35; Haim Vidal Sephiha, L'agonie des judéo-espagnols (Paris: Entente, 1977), pp. 44-45.
189
They also observed that there was an effective Asociación culturelle israélite orientale linking the Sephardic communities of Paris, Gibraltar, Tangiers, and Tetuán (Manuel L. Ortega, Figuras Ibéricas: El doctor Pulido (Madrid: Ibero-Africano-Americana, 1922), p. 265.
190
Pulido's contact with and admiration for the Sefardim dated from 1881 when he met a small group of Spanish-speaking Jews while traveling on a ship in the Danube. He subsequently published an account of this meeting in El Liberal. Late in 1903 he had a similar experience while traveling on the Black Sea and this was the catalyst that launched the pro-Sephardic activities of 1904-05, which included a major speech in the Spanish Senate.